The Anomaly Scan in Pregnancy: What Every Expectant Mother in Ghana Should Know

Pregnancy is an exciting journey, filled with anticipation, questions, and important medical milestones. One of the most crucial of these milestones is the anomaly scan — a detailed ultrasound examination that checks the baby’s development.

In Ghana, many expectant parents hear about the anomaly scan during antenatal visits but may not fully understand its purpose, timing, or importance. This article breaks it all down in simple, reassuring terms.

What Is an Anomaly Scan?

The anomaly scan, also known as the mid-pregnancy ultrasound or detailed fetal scan, is a specialized ultrasound performed to assess the baby’s physical development and identify any structural abnormalities.

Unlike earlier scans that confirm pregnancy or estimate gestational age, the anomaly scan focuses on how well the baby’s organs and body systems are forming.

When Is the Anomaly Scan Done?

The anomaly scan is usually performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy.

This timing is important because:

• The baby’s organs are developed enough to be seen clearly
• There is still time for follow-up tests if concerns are identified

In Ghana, this scan is often done during the second trimester antenatal period at hospitals, diagnostic centres, or maternity clinics with ultrasound services.

What Does the Anomaly Scan Check?

During the scan, the sonographer or doctor examines several key areas, including:

• Brain and skull
• Spine
• Heart and major blood vessels
• Face (including lips)
• Abdomen and internal organs
• Kidneys and bladder
• Limbs (arms, legs, hands, feet)
• Placenta position
• Amniotic fluid levels

The scan also checks the baby’s growth and position in the womb.

Can the Anomaly Scan Detect All Birth Defects?

No. While the anomaly scan is very detailed, it cannot detect every condition.

It is good at identifying many structural abnormalities, such as:

• Spina bifida
• Some heart defects
• Cleft lip
• Missing or underdeveloped organs

However, it may not detect:

• Genetic conditions without visible structural changes
• Mild abnormalities that develop later
• Some functional or metabolic disorders

[A normal anomaly scan greatly reduces risk but does not guarantee a problem-free pregnancy.]

Is the Anomaly Scan Safe?

Yes. Ultrasound scans are considered safe for both mother and baby when performed by trained professionals.

They use sound waves — not radiation — and have been used in pregnancy for decades.

Does the Anomaly Scan Tell the Baby’s Sex?

In many cases, yes.

If the baby is positioned well and parents wish to know, the sex may be identified during the anomaly scan. However:

• It is not the primary purpose of the scan
• Baby position may make it unclear

In Ghana, some parents choose to know, while others prefer to wait until birth.

What Happens If a Problem Is Found?

Hearing that something may be wrong can be emotionally overwhelming. If the scan detects or suspects an abnormality:

• You may be referred for additional scans or specialist review
• Further tests may be recommended
• Doctors will explain findings, options, and next steps clearly

Early detection allows:

• Better pregnancy monitoring
• Delivery planning in an appropriate facility
• Immediate care for the baby after birth if needed

Why the Anomaly Scan Is Especially Important in Ghana

The anomaly scan plays a vital role in maternal and child health because:

• Some congenital conditions benefit from early intervention
• Referral centres can be planned ahead of delivery
• It helps families prepare emotionally and medically
• It supports safer childbirth outcomes

With improving access to ultrasound services across Ghana, more women can benefit from timely and accurate antenatal imaging.

How to Prepare for Your Anomaly Scan

• Attend regular antenatal visits
• Confirm the gestational age with your midwife or doctor
• Drink some water before the scan if advised
• Ask questions — understanding reduces anxiety

Common Questions Expectant Mothers Ask

Does everyone need an anomaly scan?

Yes. It is recommended for all pregnant women, even if the pregnancy seems normal.

Is it expensive in Ghana?

Costs vary depending on facility and location. Some public hospitals include it in antenatal care, while private centres may charge separately.

What if I miss the 18–22 week window?

The scan may still be done later, but some abnormalities are easier to detect within the recommended timeframe.